在 debian/ubuntu/mint 安裝或移除套件時，幾乎都是利用 apt 這支程式來處理。
但是有時候安裝失敗時、或是未完全移除時(--purge)，就會有套件變得不完全。
residual package 用 dpkg -l 列出來時，會在開頭出現 rc 的字符，而 broken package 則會在開頭出現 iU 的字符，我們可以用下列的指令來篩選出來：
dpkg -l |grep "^rc"
dpkg -l |grep "^iU"
我們可以下達 apt purge [package name] 的指令來徹底移除它，不過，如果類似的套件很多，就是件折磨人的事了，不過，linux 的好處就可以自己隨意組合指令來符合自己的需求，搭配 awk 把套件名稱撈出來，再丟給 apt 來移除，方便又省事！
sudo apt purge $(dpkg -l |grep "^rc" | awk '{print $2}')
service SERVICE_NAME. For example:sudo service apache2 stop (Will STOP the Apache service until Reboot or until you start it again).sudo service apache2 start (Will START the Apache service assuming it was stopped before.).service apache2 status (Will tell you the STATUS of the service, if it is either enabled/running of disabled/NOT running.).sudo service apache2 restart (Will RESTART the service. This is most commonly used when you have changed, a config file. In this case, if you changed either a PHP configuration or an Apache configuration. Restart will save you from having to stop/start with 2 command lines)service apache2 (In this case, since you did not mention the ACTION to execute for the service, it will show you all options available for that specific service.) This aspect varies depending on the service, for example, with MySQL it would only mention that it is missing a parameter. For other services like networking service it would mention the small list of all options available.systemctl start SERVICE - Use it to start a service. Does not persist after rebootsystemctl stop SERVICE - Use it to stop a service. Does not persist after rebootsystemctl restart SERVICE - Use it to restart a servicesystemctl reload SERVICE - If the service supports it, it will reload the config files related to it without interrupting any process that is using the service.systemctl status SERVICE - Shows the status of a service. Tells whether a service is currently running.systemctl enable SERVICE - Turns the service on, on the next reboot or on the next start event. It persists after reboot.systemctl disable SERVICE - Turns the service off on the next reboot or on the next stop event. It persists after reboot.systemctl is-enabled SERVICE - Check if a service is currently configured to start or not on the next reboot.systemctl is-active SERVICE - Check if a service is currently active.systemctl show SERVICE - Show all the information about the service.sudo systemctl mask SERVICE - Completely disable a service by linking it to /dev/null; you cannot start the service manually or enable the service.sudo systemctl unmask SERVICE - Removes the link to /dev/null and restores the ability to enable and or manually start the service.status SERVICE - This will tell us if a converted service is running or not. Note that this is deprecated in favor of start, stop, status & restart. It will also tell us if a service has not yet been converted to upstart:service command above but not with the commands below unless they are 100% converted to upstart services:sudo start mysqlsudo stop mysqlsudo restart mysqlsudo status smbdecho manual | sudo tee /etc/init/SERVICE.override
manual will stop Upstart from automatically loading the service on next boot. Any service with the .override ending will take precedence over the original service file. You will only be able to start the service manually afterwards. If you do not want this then simply delete the .override. For example:echo manual | sudo tee /etc/init/mysql.override
manual mode. If you do not want this, afterwards you can simply dosudo rm /etc/init/mysql.override
manual.Fatal error: Certificate verification: Not trusted解決方法為：
set ssl:verify-certificate no
DocumentRoot /opt/testsite
<Directory /opt/testsite/>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
</Directory>
/etc/apache2/sites-available# cp 000-default.conf testsite.conf
sudo ip address add <ip-address>/<netmask> dev <interface>例：
sudo ip address add 10.231.141.231/24 dev eth0
iface eth0 dhcp
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.231.141.231/24
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.241.141.231/24
sudo ifdown eth0 && sudo ifup eth0
ifconfig --> ip addr and ip linkroute --> ip routearp --> ip neighiptunnel --> ip tunnelipmaddr --> ip maddrnetstat --> ssTraceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/click", line 37, in <module>
import click
ImportError: No module named 'click'
dpkg: warning: subprocess old pre-removal script returned error exit status 1
dpkg: trying script from the new package instead ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/click", line 37, in <module>
import click
ImportError: No module named 'click'cd /var/lib/dpkg/info/sudo rm -r python3-apparmor-click.*
sudo rm -r click-apparmor.*
sudo rm -r click.*
sudo rm -r ubuntu-app-launch.* sudo apt purge python3-apparmor-click
sudo apt purge click-apparmor
sudo apt purge click
sudo apt purge ubuntu-app-launch
sudo apt updatesudo apt-get -f install
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade感謝網路，讚美 Google!
Section "Device"
Identifier "Intel Graphics"
Driver "intel"
Option "AccelMethod" "sna"
Option "TearFree" "true"
Option "DRI" "3"
EndSection
<?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“UTF-8”?>
<mime-info xmlns="http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/shared-mime-info“>
<mime-type type=”application/x-scratch2“>
<comment></comment>
<glob pattern=”*.sb2“/>
</mime-type>
</mime-info>
MimeType=application/x-scratch2
sudo update-desktop-databese
sudo update-mime-database
sudo cp /opt/Scratch\ 2/share/icons/ProjectIcon48.png /usr/share/icons/gnome/scalable/mimetypes/application-x-scratch2.png
sudo gtk-update-icon-cache /usr/share/icons/gnome/ -f
locale -aor
sudo locale-gen --purge en_US.UTF-8 zh_TW.UTF-8 && echo Success
在/etc/fstab 裡加入nodiratime, noatime $ alias urldecode='python -c "import sys, urllib as ul; \
print ul.unquote_plus(sys.argv[1])"'
$ alias urlencode='python -c "import sys, urllib as ul; \
print ul.quote_plus(sys.argv[1])"'$ urlencode 'file:///media/bob/MyUSB/我的資料夾'
file%3A%2F%2F%2Fmedia%2Fbob%2FMyUSB%2F%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E5%A4%BE
$ sudo nano /etc/default/grub找到「GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""」，加入參數「net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0」
$ sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
